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The Anglo-Moroccan alliance〔''Britain and Morocco during the embassy of John Drummond Hay, 1845-1886'' Khalid Ben Srhir, Malcolm Williams, Gavin Waterson p.13-14 ()〕〔(''Ships, money, and politics'' Kenneth R. Andrews, p. 167 )〕 was established at the end of the 16th century and the early 17th century between the kingdoms of England and Morocco. Commercial agreements had been reached by Queen Elizabeth I of England and the Moroccan leader Ahmad al-Mansur on the basis of a mutual enmity to the Spanish King Philip II. The arms trade dominated the exchange, and numerous attempts at direct military collaboration were also made.〔 The alliance was maintained for some time by their successors. ==Background== The alliance between the two states developed during the 16th century on the back of regular commercial exchanges, largely thanks to the work of the Amphlett family of merchants.〔Srhir, p.13〕 European trade with Morocco had been at the command of Spain, Portugal and Genoa,〔''A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period'' by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, p.219 ()〕 but in 1541 the Portuguese suffered the loss of Safi and Agadir, loosening their grip on the area. Following the sailing of ''The Lion'' of Thomas Wyndham in 1551,〔(''Atlas of British overseas expansion by Andrew N. Porter p.18 )〕 and the 1585 establishment of the English Barbary Company, trade developed between England and the Barbary states, and especially Morocco.〔Vaughan, ''Performing Blackness on English Stages, 1500-1800'' Cambridge University Press 2005 p.57 ()〕〔Nicoll, ''Shakespeare Survey. The Last Plays'' Cambridge University Press 2002, p.90 ()〕 Sugar, ostrich feathers and saltpeter from Morocco were typically exchanged for English fabrics and firearms, in spite of the protests of Spain and Portugal.〔 Elizabeth I had numerous exchanges with Sultan Abd al-Malik to facilitate trade and obtain advantages for English traders.〔Srhir, p.13〕 The sultan could speak Spanish and Italian as well as Arabic. In 1577 he wrote to the queen in Spanish, signing himself ''AbdelMeleck'' in Latin script.〔(''Europe Through Arab Eyes, 1578-1727'' by Nabil Matar p.75 )〕 That same year, the queen sent Edmund Hogan as ambassador to the Moroccan court.〔Abun-Nasr, p.218〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anglo-Moroccan alliance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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